Optical measurements. Observation of optical interference 
        and its use in precision measurements. 
         
 Electrical 
          measurements. Construction of simple electronic circuits and 
          measurement of their properties. 
        
 
 Linear and 
          non-linear behaviour. Investigation of  non-linear behaviour
          using low and high precision measurement techniques. 
        
 
 Nucleonic 
          measurements. Use of radioactive isotopes to study the properties 
          of the Poisson distribution and to demonstrate the absorption of gamma 
          rays. 
        
 
 Digital 
          thermometry. Construction of a digital thermometer and its 
          use in a short project to study the cooling of coffee. 
        
 
 Oscilloscope. Introduction
          to the oscilloscope and its  use in experimental measurements. 
        
 
 Measurements 
          of wave velocity. Measurements of the velocity of sound waves 
          in air or water or the study of vibrations in a copper rod. 
        
 
 Students then carry 
          out a short project in one of the following five areas: 
        
 
          
 Astronomy: 
            The angular resolution of telescopes. Line spectra, chromatic resolution 
            and Doppler shifts. The expansion of the universe. 
          
 Light and 
            other electromagnetic waves: Refraction of light. Velocity of 
            light. X-ray diffraction. 
          
 Fundamental 
            and subatomic physics: The charge to mass ratio of the electron. 
            Kinematics on a linear air track. The decay of the pi meson. 
          
 Digital and 
            analogue electronics: Counter, decoder and LED display. Operational 
            amplifiers. Analogue-to-digital converter. 
          
 Computing 
            and computer control: Visual BASIC. Interfacing to devices. Computer 
            control of temperature. 
        
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