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        Handbook  | 
      
         
          This page gives basic information about the preparation
              of laboratory  report worksheets, the two formal lab reports, and
              laboratory notebooks. 
         
        Recording 
          and reporting laboratory work
        Laboratory 
          report worksheets
         
           All your measurements, calculations, graphical work and conclusions 
            for laboratory exercises 1–7 must be entered directly 
            onto the separate lab report worksheets. These worksheets 
            have been designed to accommodate all the graphs, calculations, and 
            answers that you are expected to produce for these exercises. They 
            are also designed to show you how to keep a laboratory log, record 
            data, and present results.  
          The worksheets should not take too long to complete – two
            or three hours at most. The deadline for handing them in
            is your lab session the following week. Just put them into
            the  box labelled "SCM" in the lab. They will be marked and returned
            as quickly as possible, so
            you can learn from what you did badly or wrong. 
          On these worksheets, you should try to record data and do calculations 
            neatly enough to be handed in as is. We are not demanding fanatical 
            neatness, just legibility and clarity, but if you make a complete 
            mess of a worksheet we can provide another copy.  
          Note that for exercise 5 you must 
            hand in both the worksheet 
            and a formal report.  
         
        Formal 
          laboratory reports
        
          The course also requires you to produce two formal reports. 
            The first is for exercise 5 (for which you submit both a 
            report and a worksheet), and the second is for one of exercises 
            8–12 that you select to do towards the end of the semester. 
            These reports must be typed using a word processor. As a general rule 
            they should contain the following sections:  
           
              Title 
                Abstract 
                Introduction 
                Theory 
                Experimental 
              Details 
                Results and 
              Discussion 
                Conclusions 
                References 
           
          There is a good example of such a report in exercise 5. Use this
             as a guide for your own report (but note that yours will be much
            shorter). 
            Writing reports will  be covered in the lectures. It is also
            useful to read Squires, Chapter 13 ("Writing
            a Paper")
             or Silyn-Roberts. The reports must be put into simple plastic
             binders, 
            available at cost from the technicians..  
         
        Laboratory 
          notebooks
         
           As stated above, for exercises 8 to 12 you must hand in a formal 
            report. While doing this exercise, which should take you 
            about three weeks at two afternoons per week, you need a way to keep 
            a record of your work. We recommend that you keep a laboratory 
            notebook. This is the complete record of what you do in the 
            lab, and for preliminary graphs, calculations and observations. 
            You could just use loose sheets of paper, but beware of losing them, 
            not writing things down properly, getting them out of order, etc. 
            The recommended notebook is an A4-size softback notebook of 80 pages, 
            with quadrille rulings (a 5 mm grid) on all pages, available 
            from the college bookshop. The quadrille ruling is ideal for sketching 
            apparatus, writing notes, tabulating readings, and drawing graphs 
            as you go along. Graphs that you need to draw on other graph paper, 
            as well as output from computer programs, can be stuck in with clear 
            tape or an adhesive such as Pritt Stick. Do not spend money on 
            a 'standard' laboratory notebook with alternate ruled and graph pages; 
            these are more expensive but less useful (and a waste of good 
            graph paper).  
           There is a lot of good sense on notebooks and how to use them in 
            Chapter 10 of the book by Squires. The golden rule is to say what 
            you are doing: write a sentence or two when you make measurements, 
            put labels on graphs, captions on sketches, headings (with units!) 
            on tables, etc. You should be able to reconstruct what happened that 
            day in the lab. Only by writing things down systematically can you 
            hope to do this – do not trust your memory! 
         
        Teamwork 
          vs. plagiarism
        
           Worksheets and formal reports that you hand in must 
            be your own work. Do not copy from other students. 
            You will work in pairs for some exercises, and this means that you 
            do the measurements as a team. However, you must write your 
            own laboratory worksheets and reports. Submission of reports 
            that are very similar, or that have parts that look as if they were 
            copied from someone else, will be treated as possible plagiarism 
            and may result in serious disciplinary action. See also 
            the regulations for writing essays and reports in the Student 
            Handbook.  
         
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